SPD, TEMP Correction
Doc 8168 Vol.2 — IAS to TAS conversion and Cold Temperature Altitude Correction
Airspeed Conversion
True Airspeed (TAS)
--- kt
Ground Speed (GND SPD)
---
kt
Mach Number
---
Cold Temp Correction
Height Above AD (H)
--- ft
ISA Deviation
--- °C
Required Correction
---
ft
Indicated Alt (To Fly)
--- ft
Turn Calculator
Doc 8168 Vol.2 — Rate, Radius, and Wind Spiral (Eθ)
Turn Parameters
Rate of Turn (R)
--- °/s
Radius of Turn (r)
---
NM
Distance before turn (Lead)
---
NM
Distance after turn
---
NM
Accountable Wind (w)
--- kt
Wind Spiral Effect (Eθ)
---
NM
Procedure Turn (Course Reversal)
TAS & Wind (w)
--- kt
Turn Radius (r)
--- NM
Outbound Dist (No Wind)
--- NM
Procedure Details
---
Base Turn (Protected Area)
Distance xmax
---
NM
Distance ymax
Distance ymin
--- NM
Base Turn Divergence (φ) — Doc 8168
True Airspeed (TAS)
--- kt
Divergence Angle (φ)
---°
Required Outbound Track
000°
Inbound Track
000°
Formula Applied
---
Outbound Time
--- min
Turn Radius
--- NM
⚙ Overshoot Analysis
⚠️ The charted divergence is much smaller than required — risk of overshooting inbound track at this speed.
How to read:
To intercept the inbound track, fly outbound on the required outbound track. After the outbound limit elapses, commence the turn. The divergence angle ensures your turning radius brings you onto the final approach course.
IFP Gradient
Calculate climb/descent gradients and angles
Initial Parameters
Leg 1
Status---
Alt Change0 ft
Gradient (ft/NM)0
Gradient (%)0.0%
Angle (°)0.00°
Holding for ARC
Determine holding location (B), track to A, and turn anticipation
Target Coordinate
Target Coordinate
LATITUDE (N/S)
(Use minus - for South)
LONGITUDE (E/W)
(Use minus - for West)
Point B Coordinates
---
Track from B to A
---
Time to fly B to A
--- min
Time per Hold Circuit
--- min
Total Wait Time in Hold
---
min
Distance before turn (Lead)
---
NM
Distance after turn
---
NM
⚠ Point B is too close to A! (Dist < TA)
Turn Anticipation
Geometry visualization for intercepting a course
Setup Geometry
Intercept Angle (θ)
--- °
Turn Radius (r)
--- NM
Turn Anticipation (Lead)
--- NM
Offset Distance (if 180°)
---
NM
(North is Up)
Tolerance, VEB & PBN
Doc 8168 Fix Tolerances, Doc 9905 RNP AR VEB, & RNP Containment
PBN / RNP Parameters
Lateral Accuracy (95%)
--- NM
Containment Limit (1×RNP)
--- NM
Protection Area (2×RNP)
---
NM
Obstacle Clearance (MOC)
--- ft
Fix Tolerance (Doc 8168)
Along Track Tolerance (ATT)
---
NM
Tracking Tolerance
---
°
Vertical Error Budget (Doc 9905)
Lateral Protection (Semi-width)
--- NM
VEB Minimum Obstacle Clearance
--- ft
Descent & Missed App
Doc 8168 Gradients and Dynamic Reaction Time Calculations
Required Rate of Descent
Approx Flow Angle
--- °
Required ROD
--- ft/min
Equiv. Obstacle Height (ha/hma)
Equivalent Height
--- ft
Dynamic Reaction Distance (Doc 8168 Parameters)
Computes distance
consumed during pilot reaction, bank establishment, and engine spool-up delays.
Pilot Reaction Distance
---
NM
Bank Estab. Distance
---
NM
Engine Spool-up Distance
---
NM
Total Distance
Consumed
--- NM
VNAV vs PAPI & DA Simulation
ICAO Doc 8168 & Annex 14 — Observe how temperature affects the VNAV barometric path relative to the geometric PAPI corridor
Approach & Weather Parameters
PAPI Configuration (ICAO Annex 14)
Flight Profile Analysis
True Geometric VPA
---°
Local ISA Temperature
---°C
FAF
---
→ True FAF Altitude
---
DA
---
→ True DA Altitude
---
PAPI Crossing
---
Event Sequence
---
Pilot's Visual Indication over Ground
---
Profile Chart
True VNAV Path
PAPI Box 3/2
PAPI Nominal
FAF
DA
True Altitude Calculator (Doc 8168 Vol III)
True Altitude (AMSL)
--- ft
Altimeter Error
--- ft